QUOTE:

Early to bed and early to rise , makes a man healthy , wealthy and wise .(Benjamin Franklin , American president )
　　早睡早起会使人健康、富有和聪明。 (美国总统 富兰克林. B.)

QUOTE:

[attach]108217[/attach]

QUOTE:

startle [5stB:tl] a．惊吓，使吃惊
[同义]frighten，surprise，shock，amaze
[反义]calm
[同根]startling  a．令人吃惊的，惊人的
reveal  [ri5vi:l] v．①透露，泄露，揭示，揭露  ②展现，显示
[同义]disclose，uncover，show，display，demonstrate
[反义]conceal，hide
[同根]revelation  [7revi5leiFEn] n．揭示，揭露，显示
clone [klEJn] v．克隆
swiftly ad．快速地，敏捷地
[同根]swift   [swift] a．①快速进行的，速度快的  ②迅速的，机警的
be opposed to 反对
husbandry [5hQzbEndri] n．①农业，饲养业  ②管理，妥善使用，节约，节俭
order  [5C:dE] v．①命令，指示  ②定购，预定  ③整理，安排
panel [5pAnl] n．(由选定人员组成的)专门小组，评判小组，(公开的)专题讨论小组
chair [tFZE] v．①担任(会议、委员会等的)主席，担任(宴会等的)主持人  ②使就任要职  n．①椅子  ②(会议的)主席，(正式宴会等的)主持人
feverishly ad．极度兴奋地，狂热地
[同根]feverish [5fi:vEriF] a．①发热的，发烧的  ②极度兴奋的，狂热的
draft [drB:ft] n．①草稿，草案，草拟  ②挑选，选派，选拔  ③草图，图样  v．①起草，草拟  ②挑选，选派，抽调  ③征募，征召…入伍
indefinitely ad．①无限期地②不确定地
[同根]indefinite [in5definit] a．①不确定的，不定的，未定的  ②无限期的
word [wE:d] v．用言辞表达，用话表示，措辞  n．①词，单词  ②话，言辞  ③诺言，保证  ④消息，传闻
[同义]remark，promise，news
[词组]eat one's words  收回前言，承认错误
    in a word  总之，一句话
    in other words  换句话说，也就是说
    word for word  逐字地，一字不变地
restriction [ris5trikFEn] n．限制，约束，限定，限制规定
[同根]restrict [ris5trikt] v．限制，约束，限定
      restricted [ris5triktid] a．受限制的，有限的，受约束的
routine  [ru:5ti:n] n．①例行公事，日常工作，惯例  ②(经常表演的)固定节目，节目  a．①例行的，日常的，惯例的，用常规的  ②一般的，普通的，平凡的，平淡的
molecular biology  分子生物学
reach agreement on 就…达成一致
crucial  [5kru:FiEl, 5kru:FEl] a．①决定性的，关键性的  ②严酷的，考验的
[同义]important，critical，decisive，essential
legislation  [7ledVis5leiFEn] n．①立法，法律的制定(或通过)  ②法律，法规
[同根]legislate  [5ledVis7leit] v．立法，制定(或通过)法律
      legislative [5ledVis7leitiv] a．(关于)立法的
      legislator [5ledVis7leitE] n．立法者，立法机关成员，议会议员
      legislature  [5ledVis7leitFE] n．立法机关，立法团体，议会
preface [5prefis] n．序言，前言，开场白
consensus  [kEn5sensEs] n．(意见等的)一致，一致同意，一致意见
[同义]agreement，unanimity
[反义]disagreement，difference
stem from  起源于
call for要求
embryo [5embriEu] n．胚，胚胎，(尤指受孕后8周内的)胎儿
offspring [5RfsprIN; (?@) 5C:f-] n．[复-spring(s)]①子孙，后代  ②结果，产物
[同义]child，descendant
[反义]ancestor
endanger  [in5deindVE] v．危及，使遭危险，危害
transfer  [trAns5fE:] n．①迁移，转移  ②调动  ③转让，让与  v．(-ferred；-ferring)转移，调动
[同义]move，change
be divided on 在…方面有分歧
appeal [E5pi:l] n．①呼吁，恳求  ②诉请，上诉  ③感染力，吸引力  v．①呼吁，恳求  ②诉诸，求助  ③上诉，申诉  ④有感染力，有吸引力
[同义]ask，request，beg，implore，plead
[同根]appealing  [E5pi:liN] a．①有感染力的，动人的，吸引人的  ②恳求的
up in the air 悬而未决

选项词汇注释
authorized  [5C:WEraIzd] a．①经授权的  ②经认可的
[同根]authority [C:5WCriti] n．①权力  ②当权者，行政管理机构  ③(authorities)当局，官方  ④权威，专家  ⑤威信，影响力
    authorization [7C:WErai5zeiFEn] n．①授权  ②批准
    authorize  [5C:WEraIz] v．①授权  ②批准
put…under control  使…处于控制之下
criminal [5kriminl] a．①犯罪(性质)的，犯法的，关于犯罪的  ②刑事的  n．罪犯
ethical  [5eWikEl] a．①道德的，合乎道德的  ②伦理的，伦理学的  ③合乎职业道德标准(或规矩)的
the main concern of  …关心的重点
explicitly  ad．①明确地②坦率地
[同根]explicit [iks5plisit] a．①详述的，明确的  ②直言的，坦率的
in no time 立即，马上
settle an issue  解决问题

QUOTE:

startle （使吃惊）即start+le，start开始，le拼音“了”，监考老师说：考试“开始了”，于是同学们“大吃一惊”。Poetry should be great and unobtrusive, a thing which enters into one's soul, and does not startle it or amaze it with itself, but with its subject.诗歌应当既不寻常又不唐突，它深入人心不是以其本身，而是以其主题使心灵震动或惊奇。
feverishly （激动地，狂热地）←fever+ish+ly。
indefinitely /（不确定地）即in+de+fin+ite+ly，in-否定前缀，de-向下，fin词根“界限”，-ite形容词后缀，-ly副词后缀，“不能下定界限地”→不确定地。definite（明确的）←de+fin+ite。
restriction （限制，约束）即re+strict+ion，re-一再，strict单词“严厉的”，-ion名词后缀，“一再严厉的事”→约束；动词形式为restrict←re+strict。Read your job description but never be restricted by it.读工作任务条例但不可受其限制。
molecular （分子的）即mole+cul(e)+ar，mole单词“痣”，-cule后缀表示“小”，-ar形容词后缀，于是“像小痣一样的”→分子。分类记忆：molecule分子；atom原子；neutron中子；proton质子；nucleus原子核；ion离子。If the molecules in one drop of water could be converted into grains of sand, there would be enough sand to build a concrete highway, half a mile wide and one foot thick, from New York to San Francisco.假如一滴水里的分子可以变为沙粒，形成的沙子就足以建造一条半英里宽、一英尺厚的混凝土公路，从纽约直到旧金山。
legislation （立法；法规）看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion，leg词根“法律，is是，late迟的，-ion名词后缀，“法律是迟的”→旧法律难以适应新事物→所以要不断“立法”→“立法”之产物即“法规”。Inflation is the one form of taxation that can be imposed without legislation.通货膨胀就是那种无须立法便可实施的征税方式。
consensus （意见一致）即con+sens(e)+us，con-一起，sense感觉，-us名词后缀，“共同的感觉”→意见一致。consensus —①the security blanket of the insecure ②the negation of leadership 多数人的意见——①不安全的安全覆盖物②领导的对立面。
nuclear （核的，原子核的）即nuc+le+ar，nuc=nut坚果，-le后缀表示“小”，-ar形容词后缀，“像小坚果一样的”→原子核的。nucleus（核心，原子核）←nuc+le+us名词后缀，复述形式为nuclei /5nju:kliai/或nucleuses。Pro football is like nuclear warfare. There are no winners, only survivors.职业足球有如核战争，其中没有赢家，只有幸存者。
embryo （胚胎；胚胎的）即em+bryo，em-“使”，bryo词根“膨胀的”（联想bra），“正蓬勃生长的”→胚胎。
impose （v.强加；征税）即im+pose，im-加强前缀，pose词根“放”，“强制性地放”→强加→引申为：征税。When one has had to work so hard to get money, why should he impose on himself the further hardship of trying to save it?已经是为了赚钱而不得不如此辛苦地工作，为什么还要把极力省钱这种更苦的事强加给自己呢？
ethical（伦理的，合乎道德的）←eth+ical，eth词根“道德”，-ical后缀；ethics（伦理，伦理学）←eth+ics后缀表“学科”←研究道德的学问。ethics — aesthetics from within 伦理学——出自内心的美学。
explicitly （明晰地；坦率地）即ex+plic+it+ly，ex-(=out of)，plic词根“折叠”，-it形容词后缀，-ly副词后缀，“没有折叠地”→完全显露地→清楚地。参complicated（复杂的；难解的），2002年Text 2。

QUOTE:

When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group — the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) — has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.
　　NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells — routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.
　　In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning." Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.
　　NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.
　　NBAC members also indicated that they would appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still "up in the air."

QUOTE:

　当一个苏格兰研究小组透露三个月前他们克隆了一只成年绵羊时，世界为之震惊，克林顿总统迅速做出反应。他宣称反对利用这种非同寻常的畜牧业技术去克隆人，并下令禁止使用联邦资金做这样的实验——尽管还没有人提议要那样做——并责成成立一个由普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德·夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组，在90天内拿出有关克隆人的国家政策的建议，向白宫汇报。这个名为“全国生物伦理道德顾问委员会”(NBAC)的小组一直在非常积极地工作，集思广益，并诉诸笔端；在5月17日的一次会议上，委员们就接近定稿的意见书取得了一致意见。　　NBAC将要求克林顿总统禁止使用联邦资金克隆人的90天禁令无限期地延长，并且还可能要求将之立法。但是，NBAC成员们正计划在建议的措辞上更为严谨，以避免给克隆人体DNA或细胞等研究带来更多地限制——（这属于）分子生物研究中的常规课题。然而，该小组尚未在一个关键问题上达成一致，即是否建议立法机关把将私人资金用于克隆人的行为视为犯罪。　　在5月17日会议上讨论的建议序言草案中，夏皮罗表示，专家组已取得广泛的共识，认为“试图利用成人细胞核去克隆婴儿将是违背道德伦理的”。夏皮罗解释说在与会期间，道德上的怀疑主要源于对婴儿健康带来危害的担忧。随后，该小组非正式地接受了几条一般的结论，尽管有些细节尚无定论。　　NBAC计划呼吁继续禁止使用联邦政府基金利用人体细胞核去克隆婴孩的任何企图。因为现行的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆研究用的胚胎（人类子代出生前的最早阶段）或有意识地危及胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究这一问题上保持沉默。　　NBAC的成员明确表示，他们呼吁由私人提供资金的研究人员和机构不要试图通过人体细胞核转移去克隆人。但他们在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令彻底禁止克隆人这一问题上存在分歧。夏皮罗和大多数委员赞成将此立法，但在电话采访中，他透露这一议题仍“悬而未决”。

QUOTE:

1.
NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law.
▲这个句子的主语是NBAC，谓语ask后面是两个并列的宾语从句，从句都用了虚拟语气的谓语形式，即省略了should，谓语动词用原形be。第一个从句的主语是ban，这个词前后都是修饰成分；第二个从句还是用that引导，句式简单。要注意的是，如果把第二个从句补齐的话，应该是and possibly ask that it be made law。△找出ask的两个宾语从句是理解这个句子的关键，同时注意虚拟语气的运用，明白谓语动词为什么用be动词原形。
2.
The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.
▲这个简单句的宾语agreement跟了一个on引导的短语，说明的是agreement的内容，即a crucial question；question后面有一个whether引导的不定式短语，其中包含了一个宾语从句，从句的主语缺省，应该是legislation。在这个从句中有一个形式宾语it，真正的宾语是后面的for... to...结构。△whether引导的不定式短语是这个句子的关键，注意其中的宾语从句以及it作为形式宾语所替代的真正宾语
3.
In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning".
▲这个简单句的主干其实就是Shapiro suggested that从句。主语前面的部分是该句的状语，其中recommendations后面的过去分词结构是表明时间的修饰成分。主句的宾语从句中包含了一个consensus的同位语从句，解释的是consensus的内容，这个同位语从句中的it充当的是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning。△该句的主要信息集中的两个地方，一个是the panel... found... consensus...，另一个是对于consensus的解释，尤其是对其中形式主语的理解。
4.
Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos(the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.
▲在这个主从复合句中，前面是because引导的原因状语从句，这个从句的宾语是use，of短语说明了use的对象（federal funds），随后是两个并列的不定式短语，表明的是用途（create embryos；to knowingly endanger an embryo's life），其中括号里的内容是对embryos的解释，然后才是主句，注意介词on（关于）的用法。△这个句子的关键在于use后面的修饰成分，尤其是两个to不定式的意义，说明了禁止的内容。再者注意括号里对embryos的解释。

QUOTE:

注意虚拟语气的使用：
Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.

不熟悉的单词和词组

（一）、
feverishly ad．极度兴奋地，狂热地
[同根]feverish [5fi:vEriF] a．①发热的，发烧的  ②极度兴奋的，狂热的
draft [drB:ft] n．①草稿，草案，草拟  ②挑选，选派，选拔  ③草图，图样  v．①起草，草拟  ②挑选，选派，抽调  ③征募，征召…入伍
indefinitely ad．①无限期地②不确定地
[同根]indefinite [in5definit] a．①不确定的，不定的，未定的  ②无限期的
word [wE:d] v．用言辞表达，用话表示，措辞  n．①词，单词  ②话，言辞  ③诺言，保证  ④消息，传闻
[同义]remark，promise，news
[词组]eat one's words  收回前言，承认错误
restriction [ris5trikFEn] n．限制，约束，限定，限制规定
[同根]restrict [ris5trikt] v．限制，约束，限定
      restricted [ris5triktid] a．受限制的，有限的，受约束的
routine  [ru:5ti:n] n．①例行公事，日常工作，惯例  ②(经常表演的)固定节目，节目  a．①例行的，日常的，惯例的，用常规的  ②一般的，普通的，平凡的，平淡的
molecular biology  分子生物学
reach agreement on 就…达成一致

(二）、
Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.

1、句子主干：he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment  and asked an independent panel to report back to the White House
  
2、Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans 做伴随状语。declaring 后接 that 引导的宾语从句。

3、第一个谓语动词ordered 后接 宾语从句。其中 宾语从句中  使用了 虚拟语气。省略了 should。      although no one had proposed to do so 做插入语。表示对前面情况的补充说明。

4、第二个谓语动词 asked  。此处 的结构是： ask sb to do sth

QUOTE:

feverishly ad．极度兴奋地，狂热地
[同根]feverish [5fi:vEriF] a．①发热的，发烧的  ②极度兴奋的，狂热的
draft [drB:ft] n．①草稿，草案，草拟  ②挑选，选派，选拔  ③草图，图样  v．①起草，草拟  ②挑选，选派，抽调  ③征募，征召…入伍
restriction [ris5trikFEn] n．限制，约束，限定，限制规定
[同根]restrict [ris5trikt] v．限制，约束，限定
      restricted [ris5triktid] a．受限制的，有限的，受约束的
molecular biology  分子生物学
reach agreement on 就…达成一致
stem from  起源于
up in the air 悬而未决
ethical  [5eWikEl] a．①道德的，合乎道德的  ②伦理的，伦理学的  ③合乎职业道德标准(或规矩)的
the main concern of  …关心的重点
in no time 立即，马上

QUOTE:

feverishly ad．极度兴奋地，狂热地
[同根]feverish [5fi:vEriF] a．①发热的，发烧的  ②极度兴奋的，狂热的
embryo [5embriEu] n．胚，胚胎，(尤指受孕后8周内的)胎儿
in no time 立即，马上

QUOTE:

Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.
他宣称反对利用这种非同寻常的畜牧业技术去克隆人，并下令禁止使用联邦资金做这样的实验——尽管还没有人提议要那样做——并责成成立一个由普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德·夏皮罗为首的独立专家小组，在90天内拿出有关克隆人的国家政策的建议，向白宫汇报。

QUOTE:

Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment — although no one had proposed to do so — and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.
▲这个长句严格来说主语只有一个he和两个谓语（order和ask）。第一个逗号之前是一个表示伴随状态的现在分词短语，declaring后面是一个that引导的宾语从句，注意其中有一个use... to...的动词结构，然后是主句，第一个谓语ordered后面也是一个that引导的宾语从句，这个从句用了虚拟语气，在谓语动词be前面省略了should；破折号之间是个although引导的让步从句，是对前面的补充；and后面是第二个谓语asked，用了短语搭配ask... to...，ask的宾语其实是panel，这个单词的前后都是它的修饰成分，尤其是有过去分词chaired引导的短语，表明的是这个panel的领导者是谁；to后面的动词report接的是目的地the White House，时间要求in 90 days，内容recommendations，后面的for短语说明的是recommendations的内容。△理解这个句子的关键在于找到主句的两个谓语，然后理清两个谓语动词后面的宾语成分；再者就是句子开始的现在分词结构和破折号之间的补充成分。