It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分为三段:It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: / it invites you to think that animals should be treated / either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.
第二、句子的结构是:
1)it invites you to think that...后面是宾语从句。
2) animals should be treated either with..., or with...要么……要么……,是表示选择的方式状语。
3)the consideration后面的humans extend to other humans是定语。
3.
Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
句子分析:
第一、句子可以拆分为三段:Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, / extremists of this kind think / that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
第二、句子的结构:
1)主干结构是现在分词短语状语,主语+谓语+宾语从句。Arguing from...现在分词短语作状语。
2) the view和后面的从句that...是同位语关系
3) that...引导宾语从句